watchorwarning.com

Plain answers about weather watches and warnings

Watch vs warning

A watch means conditions are favorable. Be ready. A warning means it is happening or about to happen. Act now.

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This box reads public National Weather Service data when you load the page. It does not notify you, and it does not run in the background. Do not use it in place of a weather radio or your phone alerts.

That one difference is the whole thing. A watch is about what could happen. A warning is about what is happening. Everything below is detail.

What the National Weather Service says

Watch

A watch is used when the risk of a hazardous weather or hydrologic event has increased significantly, but its occurrence, location, and/or timing is still uncertain.

Issued by
It depends on the hazard. The Storm Prediction Center issues all tornado and severe thunderstorm watches. The National Hurricane Center issues hurricane and tropical storm watches. Your local National Weather Service office issues most others.
Area covered
Watch areas are usually large. One watch can cover many counties or parts of several states.
National Weather Service: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=WATCH

Warning

A hazardous weather or hydrologic event is occurring, is imminent, or has a very high probability of occurring. A warning is issued for conditions posing a threat to life or property.

Issued by
Your local National Weather Service office issues warnings. The National Hurricane Center issues hurricane and tropical storm warnings.
Area covered
Warning areas are smaller and more specific than watch areas.
National Weather Service: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=WARNING

Advisory

Highlights special weather conditions that are less serious than a warning. They are for events that may cause significant inconvenience, and if caution is not exercised, it could lead to situations that may threaten life and/or property.

Issued by
Your local National Weather Service office.
National Weather Service: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=ADVISORY

The wording above is the National Weather Service's own. It is quoted, not rewritten.

A watch does not always become a warning, and a warning is not always preceded by a watch. Treat every warning as real either way.

A memory aid that actually sticks

A watch is the ingredients on the counter. You could have tacos. A warning is the taco in your hand. You are having tacos. It is a memory aid, not National Weather Service language. The definitions above are the wording that counts.

The analogy is not ours. Emergency managers and TV meteorologists have used it for years, and the version that spread nationally came from the Normal Fire Department in Normal, Illinois, in 2021. No agency owns it. Coverage

What to do

When a watch is issued

Source: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=WATCH

When a warning is issued

Source: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=WARNING

When an advisory is issued

Source: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=ADVISORY

Common questions

Is a watch worse than a warning?

No. A warning is the more serious one. A watch means conditions are favorable for a hazard, so be ready. A warning means the hazard is occurring, is imminent, or has a very high probability of occurring, so act now.

Source: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=WARNING

Is a watch better than a warning?

A watch is the lower of the two levels. It means the danger is possible but not confirmed, so you still have time to get ready. A warning means the danger is happening or about to happen. A watch can become a warning in minutes, so use the time.

Source: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=WATCH

What is the difference between a watch, a warning, and an advisory?

A watch means the risk of a hazardous event has increased significantly, but its occurrence, location, or timing is still uncertain. A warning means the event is occurring, is imminent, or has a very high probability of occurring, and it threatens life or property. An advisory covers conditions that are less serious than a warning but can still cause significant trouble if you are not careful.

Source: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=ADVISORY

Does a watch always turn into a warning?

No. A watch means the risk went up, not that the event is certain. Plenty of watches expire with nothing happening at your address, and some warnings are issued with no watch beforehand. Treat every warning as real whether or not a watch came first.

Source: forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=WATCH

Who issues watches and warnings?

The Storm Prediction Center issues all severe thunderstorm watches and tornado watches. All warnings are issued by local National Weather Service offices. Hurricane and tropical storm watches and warnings come from the National Hurricane Center.

Source: www.spc.noaa.gov/faq

How warnings reach your phone

The National Weather Service marks its most critical alerts for delivery to cell phones as Wireless Emergency Alerts. The list is warnings only.

Those are warnings for tsunamis, tornado, severe thunderstorm when the damage threat is destructive, flash flood when the damage threat is considerable or catastrophic, hurricane, typhoon, storm surge, extreme wind, dust storm, and snow squall.

You will not get a phone alert for a watch. A quiet phone is not proof that nothing is happening. Check that emergency alerts are turned on in your phone settings.

Source: www.weather.gov/wrn/wea

How warnings reach you when the phone does not

NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards is a nationwide network of radio stations broadcasting continuous weather information directly from the nearest National Weather Service office. It broadcasts official Weather Service warnings, watches, forecasts and other hazard information 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

It carries watches as well as warnings, and it does not depend on cell service. It needs a special radio receiver or scanner.

Source: www.weather.gov/nwr

About outdoor sirens

Cities and counties own outdoor warning sirens and decide when to sound them. The National Weather Service does not sound them, and policies differ from one place to the next.

Sirens are built to warn people who are outdoors. They are not built to be heard indoors. Do not make a siren your only alert.

Source: www.weather.gov/dvn/sirenFAQ

Sources

  1. NWS Glossary: Watch
  2. NWS Glossary: Warning
  3. NWS Glossary: Advisory
  4. Storm Prediction Center FAQ
  5. NHC Glossary of Terms
  6. NWS: Wireless Emergency Alerts
  7. NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards
  8. NWS Quad Cities: Outdoor Warning Sirens FAQ
  9. National Weather Service (find your local office)